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    <ul class="crumbs"><li><a href="../index.html">Home</a></li><li><a href="../inform7n.html">Inform7</a></li><li><a href="index.html">if</a></li><li><a href="index.html#3">Chapter 3: Space and Time</a></li><li><b>Everywhere, Nowhere and Here</b></li></ul></div>
<p class="purpose">To define the unary predicates for some anaphoric location adjectives.</p>

<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP1" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;1. </b>We extend the predicate calculus with three unary predicates corresponding
to the English words "everywhere", "nowhere" and "here". Each one of these
is the singleton member of its own predicate family.
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="identifier-syntax">up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">everywhere_up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="identifier-syntax">up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">nowhere_up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="identifier-syntax">up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">here_up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>

<span class="identifier-syntax">unary_predicate</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">everywhere_up</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="identifier-syntax">unary_predicate</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">nowhere_up</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="identifier-syntax">unary_predicate</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">here_up</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP2" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;2. </b></p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="reserved-syntax">void</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::start</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup1')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup1">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::start</span></span>:<br/>IF Module - <a href="1-im.html#SP2">&#167;2</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="reserved-syntax">void</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">everywhere_up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">UnaryPredicateFamilies::new</span><span class="plain-syntax">();</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">METHOD_ADD</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">everywhere_up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">STOCK_UPF_MTID</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><a href="3-enah.html#SP4" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::stock_everywhere</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">METHOD_ADD</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">everywhere_up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">LOG_UPF_MTID</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><a href="3-enah.html#SP10" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::log_everywhere</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">METHOD_ADD</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">everywhere_up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">TYPECHECK_UPF_MTID</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><a href="3-enah.html#SP5" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::typecheck_everywhere</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">METHOD_ADD</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">everywhere_up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ASSERT_UPF_MTID</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><a href="3-enah.html#SP7" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::assert_everywhere</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">METHOD_ADD</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">everywhere_up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">SCHEMA_UPF_MTID</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">RTSpatial::schema_everywhere</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>

<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">nowhere_up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">UnaryPredicateFamilies::new</span><span class="plain-syntax">();</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">METHOD_ADD</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">nowhere_up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">STOCK_UPF_MTID</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><a href="3-enah.html#SP4" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::stock_nowhere</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">METHOD_ADD</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">nowhere_up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">LOG_UPF_MTID</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><a href="3-enah.html#SP10" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::log_nowhere</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">METHOD_ADD</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">nowhere_up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">TYPECHECK_UPF_MTID</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><a href="3-enah.html#SP5" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::typecheck_nowhere</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">METHOD_ADD</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">nowhere_up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ASSERT_UPF_MTID</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><a href="3-enah.html#SP8" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::assert_nowhere</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">METHOD_ADD</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">nowhere_up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">SCHEMA_UPF_MTID</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">RTSpatial::schema_nowhere</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>

<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">here_up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">UnaryPredicateFamilies::new</span><span class="plain-syntax">();</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">METHOD_ADD</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">here_up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">STOCK_UPF_MTID</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><a href="3-enah.html#SP4" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::stock_here</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">METHOD_ADD</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">here_up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">LOG_UPF_MTID</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><a href="3-enah.html#SP10" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::log_here</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">METHOD_ADD</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">here_up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">TYPECHECK_UPF_MTID</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><a href="3-enah.html#SP6" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::typecheck_here</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">METHOD_ADD</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">here_up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ASSERT_UPF_MTID</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><a href="3-enah.html#SP9" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::assert_here</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">METHOD_ADD</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">here_up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">SCHEMA_UPF_MTID</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">RTSpatial::schema_here</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP3" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;3. </b>And here are corresponding propositions, \(here(x)\) and so on.
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="identifier-syntax">pcalc_prop</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::everywhere_up</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">pcalc_term</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Atoms::unary_PREDICATE_new</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">everywhere_up</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>

<span class="identifier-syntax">pcalc_prop</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::nowhere_up</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">pcalc_term</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Atoms::unary_PREDICATE_new</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">nowhere_up</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>

<span class="identifier-syntax">pcalc_prop</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::here_up</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">pcalc_term</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Atoms::unary_PREDICATE_new</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">here_up</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP4" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;4. </b>These are automatically created, not defined in source text:
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="reserved-syntax">void</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::stock_everywhere</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup2')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup2">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::stock_everywhere</span></span>:<br/><a href="3-enah.html#SP2">&#167;2</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">self</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">n</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">n</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">everywhere_up</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">UnaryPredicates::new</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">everywhere_up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
<span class="reserved-syntax">void</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::stock_nowhere</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup3')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup3">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::stock_nowhere</span></span>:<br/><a href="3-enah.html#SP2">&#167;2</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">self</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">n</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">n</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">nowhere_up</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">UnaryPredicates::new</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">nowhere_up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
<span class="reserved-syntax">void</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::stock_here</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup4')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup4">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::stock_here</span></span>:<br/><a href="3-enah.html#SP2">&#167;2</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">self</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">n</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">n</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">here_up</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">UnaryPredicates::new</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">here_up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP5" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;5. </b>Typechecking is a matter of verifying that these apply only to objects,
and generating better problem messages than the normal machinery would if not:
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::typecheck_everywhere</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup5')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup5">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::typecheck_everywhere</span></span>:<br/><a href="3-enah.html#SP2">&#167;2</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">self</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unary_predicate</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">up</span><span class="plain-syntax">,</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">pcalc_prop</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">prop</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">variable_type_assignment</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">vta</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">tc_problem_kit</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">tck</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">kind</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">actually_find</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">TypecheckPropositions::kind_of_term</span><span class="plain-syntax">(&amp;(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">prop</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">terms</span><span class="plain-syntax">[0]), </span><span class="identifier-syntax">vta</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">tck</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::compatible</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">actually_find</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">K_object</span><span class="plain-syntax">) == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NEVER_MATCH</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">tck</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">log_to_I6_text</span><span class="plain-syntax">)</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="identifier-syntax">LOG</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="string-syntax">"Term $0 is %u not an object\n"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, &amp;(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">prop</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">terms</span><span class="plain-syntax">[0]), </span><span class="identifier-syntax">actually_find</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Problems::quote_kind</span><span class="plain-syntax">(4, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">actually_find</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">StandardProblems::tcp_problem</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">_p_</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">PM_EverywhereMisapplied</span><span class="plain-syntax">), </span><span class="identifier-syntax">tck</span><span class="plain-syntax">,</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="string-syntax">"that seems to say that a value - specifically, %4 - is everywhere. "</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="string-syntax">"To Inform, everywhere means 'in every room', and only objects "</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="string-syntax">"can be everywhere - in fact not even all of those, as it's a "</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="string-syntax">"privilege reserved for backdrops. (For instance, 'The sky is a "</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="string-syntax">"backdrop. The sky is everywhere.' is allowed.)"</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NEVER_MATCH</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ALWAYS_MATCH</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>

<span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::typecheck_nowhere</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup6')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup6">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::typecheck_nowhere</span></span>:<br/><a href="3-enah.html#SP2">&#167;2</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">self</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unary_predicate</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">up</span><span class="plain-syntax">,</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">pcalc_prop</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">prop</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">variable_type_assignment</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">vta</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">tc_problem_kit</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">tck</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">kind</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">actually_find</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">TypecheckPropositions::kind_of_term</span><span class="plain-syntax">(&amp;(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">prop</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">terms</span><span class="plain-syntax">[0]), </span><span class="identifier-syntax">vta</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">tck</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::compatible</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">actually_find</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">K_object</span><span class="plain-syntax">) == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NEVER_MATCH</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">tck</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">log_to_I6_text</span><span class="plain-syntax">)</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="identifier-syntax">LOG</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="string-syntax">"Term $0 is %u not an object\n"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, &amp;(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">prop</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">terms</span><span class="plain-syntax">[0]), </span><span class="identifier-syntax">actually_find</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Problems::quote_kind</span><span class="plain-syntax">(4, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">actually_find</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">StandardProblems::tcp_problem</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">_p_</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">PM_NowhereMisapplied</span><span class="plain-syntax">), </span><span class="identifier-syntax">tck</span><span class="plain-syntax">,</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="string-syntax">"that seems to say that a value - specifically, %4 - is nowhere. "</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="string-syntax">"To Inform, nowhere means 'in no room', and only things can be "</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="string-syntax">"nowhere. (For instance, 'Godot is nowhere.' is allowed - it means "</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="string-syntax">"Godot exists, but is not initially part of the drama.)"</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NEVER_MATCH</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ALWAYS_MATCH</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP6" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;6. </b>It seems to be true that Inform never generates propositions which
apply "here" incorrectly, but just in case:
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::typecheck_here</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup7')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup7">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::typecheck_here</span></span>:<br/><a href="3-enah.html#SP2">&#167;2</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">self</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unary_predicate</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">up</span><span class="plain-syntax">,</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">pcalc_prop</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">prop</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">variable_type_assignment</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">vta</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">tc_problem_kit</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">tck</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">kind</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">actually_find</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">TypecheckPropositions::kind_of_term</span><span class="plain-syntax">(&amp;(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">prop</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">terms</span><span class="plain-syntax">[0]), </span><span class="identifier-syntax">vta</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">tck</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::compatible</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">actually_find</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">K_object</span><span class="plain-syntax">) == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NEVER_MATCH</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">tck</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">log_to_I6_text</span><span class="plain-syntax">)</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="identifier-syntax">LOG</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="string-syntax">"Term $0 is %u not an object\n"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, &amp;(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">prop</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">terms</span><span class="plain-syntax">[0]), </span><span class="identifier-syntax">actually_find</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Problems::quote_kind</span><span class="plain-syntax">(4, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">actually_find</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">StandardProblems::tcp_problem</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">_p_</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">BelievedImpossible</span><span class="plain-syntax">), </span><span class="identifier-syntax">tck</span><span class="plain-syntax">,</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="string-syntax">"that seems to say that a value - specifically, %4 - is here. "</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="string-syntax">"To Inform, here means 'in the room we're talking about', so only "</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="string-syntax">"objects can be 'here'."</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NEVER_MATCH</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ALWAYS_MATCH</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP7" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;7. </b>"Everywhere" in an assertion would say that something is found in every room,
and for that we have to ask the Backdrops feature to handle it.
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="reserved-syntax">void</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::assert_everywhere</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup8')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup8">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::assert_everywhere</span></span>:<br/><a href="3-enah.html#SP2">&#167;2</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">self</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unary_predicate</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">up</span><span class="plain-syntax">,</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">now_negated</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">pcalc_prop</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">prop</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">now_negated</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">StandardProblems::sentence_problem</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Task::syntax_tree</span><span class="plain-syntax">(),</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="identifier-syntax">_p_</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">PM_CantAssertNegatedEverywhere</span><span class="plain-syntax">),</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="string-syntax">"that seems to say that something isn't everywhere"</span><span class="plain-syntax">,</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="string-syntax">"which is too vague. You must say where it is."</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">inference_subject</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">subj</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Assert::subject_of_term</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">prop</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">terms</span><span class="plain-syntax">[0]);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">instance</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ox</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">InstanceSubjects::to_object_instance</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">subj</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><a href="3-bck.html#SP15" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Backdrops::infer_presence_everywhere</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ox</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP8" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;8. </b>What is nowhere is not necessarily useless: it is probably something which
is out of play at the start of the narrative, but will appear later. So it
is meaningful to assert that something is nowhere.
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="reserved-syntax">void</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::assert_nowhere</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup9')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup9">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::assert_nowhere</span></span>:<br/><a href="3-enah.html#SP2">&#167;2</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">self</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unary_predicate</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">up</span><span class="plain-syntax">,</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">now_negated</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">pcalc_prop</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">prop</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">inference_subject</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">subj</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Assert::subject_of_term</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">prop</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">terms</span><span class="plain-syntax">[0]);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">instance</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ox</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">InstanceSubjects::to_object_instance</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">subj</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">now_negated</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">StandardProblems::sentence_problem</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Task::syntax_tree</span><span class="plain-syntax">(), </span><span class="identifier-syntax">_p_</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">BelievedImpossible</span><span class="plain-syntax">),</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="string-syntax">"that seems to say that something isn't nowhere"</span><span class="plain-syntax">,</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="string-syntax">"which is too vague. You must say where it is."</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ox</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">StandardProblems::sentence_problem</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Task::syntax_tree</span><span class="plain-syntax">(), </span><span class="identifier-syntax">_p_</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">BelievedImpossible</span><span class="plain-syntax">),</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="string-syntax">"that seems to say that something generic is 'nowhere'"</span><span class="plain-syntax">,</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="string-syntax">"which suggests it could some day have a physical location."</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><a href="3-sm.html#SP25" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Spatial::infer_presence_nowhere</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ox</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP9" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;9. </b>"Here" means "in the current room", which is tricky on two counts: we need
to know what the current topic of conversation is, an anaphora, and also we
might not yet know what is and is not a room. So we record a special inference
and put the issue aside for now.
</p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="reserved-syntax">void</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::assert_here</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup10')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup10">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::assert_here</span></span>:<br/><a href="3-enah.html#SP2">&#167;2</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">self</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unary_predicate</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">up</span><span class="plain-syntax">,</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">now_negated</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">pcalc_prop</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">prop</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">inference_subject</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">subj</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Assert::subject_of_term</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">prop</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">terms</span><span class="plain-syntax">[0]);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">instance</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ox</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">InstanceSubjects::to_object_instance</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">subj</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">now_negated</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">StandardProblems::sentence_problem</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Task::syntax_tree</span><span class="plain-syntax">(), </span><span class="identifier-syntax">_p_</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">BelievedImpossible</span><span class="plain-syntax">),</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="string-syntax">"that seems to say that something isn't here"</span><span class="plain-syntax">,</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="string-syntax">"which is too vague. You must say where it is."</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ox</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="identifier-syntax">StandardProblems::sentence_problem</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Task::syntax_tree</span><span class="plain-syntax">(), </span><span class="identifier-syntax">_p_</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">PM_NonInstanceHere</span><span class="plain-syntax">),</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="string-syntax">"that seems to say that something generic is 'here'"</span><span class="plain-syntax">,</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="string-syntax">"which would give it a physical location. (It would be like saying "</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">            </span><span class="string-syntax">"'A number is here' - well, numbers are everywhere and nowhere.)"</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">        </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><a href="3-sm.html#SP24" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Spatial::infer_presence_here</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ox</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP10" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;10. </b></p>

<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="reserved-syntax">void</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::log_everywhere</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup11')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup11">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::log_everywhere</span></span>:<br/><a href="3-enah.html#SP2">&#167;2</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">self</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">OUTPUT_STREAM</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unary_predicate</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">up</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">WRITE</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="string-syntax">"everywhere"</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>

<span class="reserved-syntax">void</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::log_nowhere</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup12')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup12">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::log_nowhere</span></span>:<br/><a href="3-enah.html#SP2">&#167;2</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">self</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">OUTPUT_STREAM</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unary_predicate</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">up</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">WRITE</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="string-syntax">"nowhere"</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>

<span class="reserved-syntax">void</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::log_here</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup13')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup13">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">WherePredicates::log_here</span></span>:<br/><a href="3-enah.html#SP2">&#167;2</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">up_family</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">self</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">OUTPUT_STREAM</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unary_predicate</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">up</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">    </span><span class="identifier-syntax">WRITE</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="string-syntax">"here"</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
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